Harrow



(No Model.) v 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

DE WANE B. SMITH.

HARROW.

No. 446,820. Patented Feb. 17, 1891..

4M; 2K /2/ 4Z9 6.

(No Model.) 2 SheetsSheet 2,

- DE WANE B. SMITH.

HARROW.

No. 446,820. Patented Feb. 17, 18 91.

- %13% am m h ix" Y UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

DE \VANE B. SMITH, OF UTIOA, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO \VARREN M. BRINKERHOFF, OF AUBURN, NEIV YORK.

'HARROW.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 446,820, dated February 17, 1891. Application filed {cptember 25, 1886. Serial No. 214,575. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, DE WANE B. SMITH, of Ut-ica, in the county of Oneida and State of New York,,haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Harrows; and I do herebydeclare thatthefollowingis afull, clear, and exact description of the invention,which will enable others skilled in the art to which it aprow-frame.

pertains to make and use the same, reference being bad to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters and figures of reference marked thereon, which form part of this specification.

My invention relates to spring-tooth harrows; and it consists in new features of construction and combination of parts.

The best mode in which I have contemplated embodying myinvention isillustrated in the accompanying drawings, and the said invention is disclosed in the following description and claims.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is an end elevation of the tooth-attaching clip, showing part of the tooth and a part of the frame in section. Fig. 2 is a side view of the clip, showing a portion of the tooth and draft-bar to which the tooth is attached. Fig. 3 is a top view of the tooth-engaging portion of the binder. Fig. at is an end view of the toothseat. Fig. 5 is a plan view of the harrow.

Fig. 6 is a side 'view of a portion of the har- Fig. 7 is a side view of the seatand wheel. Fig. 8 is a section of one of the draft-bars with the curved spring-tooth attached. Figs. 9 and 10 are views of portions of the bracket-arms and bars constituting the cross-bars of the frame. Fig. 11 is a view of a portion of a draft-bar with teeth attached in position for use. Fig. 12 is aview of a draft-bar and teeth tilted. Fig. 13 shows hinge connecting the two main portions of the frame.

In the figures of the drawings showing the tooth-retaining devices in detail, '7 designates the portion of the frame to which the tooth is attached, which may be of any suitableconstruction.

2 designates the harrow-teeth, the attaching portions of which are of the usual curved,

or helical form.

The tooth-holding devices have for parts of the sametooth-engagingproj eetions 3 3 located on the frame of the harrow at different points in the line of draft, one point in advance of the other, forming a seat for the barrow-teeth. In this instance these projections form walls which are parallel to each other and of substantially uniform thickness from the base outward. They are separate from the frame, and the base or side which engages the frame is provided with a stud or lug 8, adapted to enter a corresponding recess or aperture in the frame to secure them from movement on the frame. At the top of these walls or seats are provided projections 4 for engaging the edges of the tooth and retaining the same in the proper alignment with respect to the draft. The tooth 2 rests upon the top portion of the walls constituting the tooth-seat between the projections 4 4., and they are held in this position by an adjustable binder composed in this instance of the clip-bar 5 and securingbolts 6 (3. The clip-bar is of less extent lengthwise of the tooth than the distance between the seat projections 3 3 and engages the inner circle of the tooth between said projections or walls. By this construction a recess or concavity is formed between the walls 3 3, which is of such depth that the tooth can be drawn tightly against the seating projections or walls withoutcomingin contact with any part of the surface between them. By loosening the nuts of the bolts 6 6 the tooth can be adjusted to the position desired and again secured by tightening them. By this construction teeth of different curvatures can be securely clamped and held, and teeth of varying curvature can be adjusted and secured in any desired position.

The tooth here shown and which I propose to employ in the harrow has broad surfaces engaging the seating projections, so that the securing of it thereupon prevents its turning upon said seat.

My improved harrow-frame is constructed of two draft-bars I I, each extending angularly to the line of draft, meeting at the front in an acute angle, where they are connected by a hinge i, which is so constructed as to allow the draft-bars to be adjusted, as hereinafter described. In rear of this hinge the draft-bars are e mnected by two crosw bars J J, each composed of three parts 'j jj. The part j is a strip of wood or metal of the required length and strength. The partsjj are each secured to one of the draft-bars ot the frame, and each extends upward and inward and is connected to the part j by a bolt passing through a curved slot 71', formed in the inner end of the partj. Each of the partsj is also provided with a lip i engaging the lower edge of the partj, as best shown in the sectional view forming part of Fig. 9.

In Fig. I, immediately in rear of the forward and shorter cross-bar, is shown a modified construction of the part of the crossbar. In this modification the part j is provided at its outer ends with horizontal slots 7: /r. The parts j 7', instead of having slots, are provided with apertures for the connecting-bolts which pass through the slots 7.1 7; in the partj of the bar.

The draft-bars I I are of the form in crosssection best shown in Fig. 8, that is composed of a front and rear portion arranged at an obtuse angle to each other, forming on the top of the bar a shallow angular channel. A rib 71. is formed on the lower side of the bar at or near the joining of the two parts of the same. The bar is shown in Fig. 8 in its normal position or the position in which the teeth full y engage the soil. In this position the rear portion of the draft-bar is substantially horizontal and the front portion inclined at an an gle upward therefrom, so that the bar itself serves as a runner and enables the frame to pass over obstructions, and is also serviceable in crushing clods and lumps and smoothing the surface of the ground, where that is de sirable.

The parts j j of the cross-bars are attached to, the horizontal portion of the bar, as are also the teeth of the harrow. In this instance the teeth are shown as formed with a substantially straight or horizontal portion at or near the highest point of the curve. The teeth are attached directly to the draft-bars by the clip already herein described, the two tooth-engaging projections being located in the line of draft, one in advance of the other. The form of tooth-holding devices which I usein this instance I denominate an open clipthat is, a clip having spaces which may be and are liable to become filled with moist earth, which after a time becomes hardened and interferes with the ready adjustment of the teeth. The inclined portion of the frame serves a very important function in connection with these clips by serving to carry the frame over the soil and preventing the earth from falling into the clips and producing the results stated. The inclining of the draftbars to the line of draft is also ofimportance in combination with the inclined forward edges, as this gives a drawing action on the clods and lumps and assistsin crushing them, and in case these are of such size as not to pass readily under the bars they are forced laterally by the inclinct'l edge of the bar, re-

sulting in a sort of grinding motion, greatly jj of the cross-bars are in the outer portions of the slots in the latter devices. If it is desired to lessen the engagement of the tooth with the soil, these bolts are loosened, the partj raised, and the bolt slid toward the other end of the slot and again tightened. The length of the slot is such that the bars can be turned so that the teeth can be tilted, so as to raise them out of contact with the ground entirely. In this condition the harrow may be used for smoothing, or itmaybe used for this purpose with the teeth having a slight engagement with the soil, as preferred. It will be noted that the teeth are attached to the horizontal portion of the draft-bars, and as the binder has an engagement with the lower side of the bar the rib serves to protect this portion of the binder from wear, as such portion of the same is in rear of the rib.

To the center of the rear cross-bar I attach the tongue of the truck Ii, provided with a seat M for the driver. This truck and seat are detachable from the harrow, and the harrow may be used with it or without it,as preferrcd.

\Vhat I claim, and desire to sccu re by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a harrow or cultivator, the combination, with the frame thereof, of a tooth-seat composed of projecting supports, one in advance of the other, with an open space between and a spring-tooth supported thereby and spanning said space, and a binder to hold said tooth in engagement with said supports, substantially as described.

9. In a harrow, the combination, with a frame, of a tooth-seat having vertical walls and an open space between the same, a ilat spring-tooth supported by said walls, and a binder to hold the tooth in posiiion,substantially as described.

In a harrow, the combination, with a draft-bar, of a channel tooth-scat having its walls placed vertically, a tooth mounted on the plain edges of said walls, and a binder to hold said tooth firmly in such position, substantially as described.

i. In a harrow, the combination, with a draft-bar, of a channel tooth-seat having its walls placed vertically, a tooth mounted on the plain edges of said walls, and a clip extending over said tooth and confined by the body portion of said bar, substantially as described.

5. The combination, with the frame of a spring-tooth harrow, of a tootlrseat consistin of projections located on the frame at different points in the line of draft, one point in advance of the other, with a concavity between them, acurved spring flat harrow-tooth ITO engaging the outer portions of the projections and held thercby out of contact with tho sinface or surfaces between them, said tooth extending beyond the seat on the front and rear of the same, and a binder engaging a curved portion of the tooth between the said projections, substantially as described.

6. The combination, with the frame of a spring-tooth harrow, of a tooth-seat mounted on the frame and having as parts of the same tooth-engaging projections located at different points in the line of draft, one point in advance of the other, with a concavity between them, said seat having integral projections engaging the frame of the harrow, a curved flat spring barrow-tooth engaging the outer portions of the said projections and held thereby out of contact with the surface or surfaces between them, said tooth extending front and rear beyond said seat, and a binder engaging a curved portion of the tooth between the projections of the seat, substantially as described.

7. The combination, with a spring-toothharrow frame, of a tooth-seat having as parts of the same front and rear parallel walls hav- 1 ing a concavity between them, projections for engaging the edges of the tooth extending beyond the tops of said walls, a curved flat spring harrow-tooth engaging the top portions of said walls between said projections and extending front and rear of said walls, and an adjustable binder engaging a curved portion of the tooth between said walls, substantially as described.

8. In a harrow, devices for holding a curved flat spring-tooth, consisting of a seat and binder, the said seat having front and rear parallel walls With a concavity between them, forming a tooth-seat, in combination with a curved flat spring-tooth engaging the top portions of said walls and held thereby out of contact with the surface or surfaces between them, the said binder having its toothengaging surface of less extent lengthwise of the tooth than the space between the said walls and engaging a curved portion of the tooth intermediate the walls, whereby a portion of the tooth is left free from engagement between said binder and each of the walls of the seat, substantially as described.

9. In a spring-tooth harrow, the tooth-hold ing devices having as parts of the same two parallel walls extending vertically from the horizontal portion of the frame, forming a tooth-seat and a concavity between them, each wall being of substantially uniform thickness, and a binder adapted to engage the tooth between said walls, in combination with a curved flat spring-tooth having a curved portion engaged by said walls and binder, substantially as described.

10. In aharrow, devices for holding a curved spring-tooth, consisting of a tooth seat and binder, the said seat having front and rear parallel projections with a concavity between them, forming a tooth-seat, open between the tooth and the barrow-frame, in combination with a Hat curved tooth mounted on said projection,and an adjustable binder engaging the inner curved portion of the tooth and holding said tooth iirmly against the outer portions of said projections, substantially as described.

11. In a narrow, tootlrholding devices consisting of a seat and a vertically-adjustable binder, in combination with a spring harrowtooth, the said seat having downwardly-extending integral projectionspenetrating the frame, and the binder holding the tooth and seat rigidly to said frame, substantially as de scribed.

12. The herein-described harrow-frame bar extending in an angular direction to the line of draft and having a horizontal portion, and an upwardly-inclining portion forward of the same and provided with a wearing-rib, substantially as described.

13. The combination, with a barrow-frame having draft-bars extending angularly to the line of draft and inclining upwardly on their front edges, of adjustable tooth-clips mounted on the upper sides of said bars, substantially as described.

14. The combination, with a harrow-frai'ne having draft-bars extending angularly to the line of draft, said bars being provided with a transverse upward incline toward the front of the harrow, of open tooth-clips with adj ustable binders mounted on said bars, substantially as described.

15; The combination, with a harroW-fraine having draft-bars extending angularly to the line of draft, of adjustable tooth-clips mounted on the upper side of said frame, said draftbars between said clips having a concavity on their upper sides, substantially as described.

16. The combination, with a harrow-frame having draft-bars extending angularly to the line of draft, said bars provided with a transverse upward incline toward the front of the harrow, of adjustable tooth-clips mounted on the upper side of said bars below the highest portions of the same, substantially as described.

17. In a harrow, the combination, with the draft-bars extending angularly to the line of draft, having portions of their transverse extent lying in substantially a horizontal direction, of cross-bars secured to such horizontal portions, said draft-bars being provided between the cross-bars and forward of a horizontal portion with upwardly-inclined portions, substantially as described.

1 8. In a harrow, the co1nbination,wlth draftbars having a concavity on their upper surface and a convex lower surface provided with a wearing-rib, of a tooth-cli p mounted on the upper side of the frame having portions engaging the lower side of the draft-bars in rear of the wearing-rib, substantially as described.

19. The combination of the tilting and adj ustable V-shaped frame, each side bar of the frame having a continuous row of curved spring-teeth rigidly held on the tilting and adjustable side bars, the points of the teeth falling inside and below the side bars, the cross-bar, the angle-irons rigidly held to the side bars of the frame with semicircular slot and lip with bolt for engaging the slot and the crossbar and the hinge at the front, substantially as set forth, for the purposes stated.

20. The combination, in the V'shaped fra me, of the lower outer edge beveled or inclin ed, the frame having one or more cross-bars, a continuous row of curved spring-teeth mounted on the side bars of the frame, the point-of the teeth falling inside and below the side bars, and means for fastening the teeth to the side bars.

ill. The combination, in an A-shaped harrow-frame, of the hinge, the cross-bar, the angle-irons rigidly held to the cross-bar, with their ends provided with a circular slot, and a projecting lip projecting under the crossbar of the pivotal point, and the bolts passing through the semicircular slots and engaging the cross-bar at its ends, whereby the cut of the teeth is regulated bythe adjustment of the frame, substantially as set forth.

22. The combination, with a harrowlrame having draft-bars extending angularly to the line of draft, of tooth-engaging projections located on the frame at dilferent points, one in advance of the other, in the line of draft, with a recess between them, a curved springtooth engaging said projections, and a binder engaging the tooth between said projections,

substantially as described.

2 3. A tooth-seathaving separal)ly-arranged parallel bearing surfaces provided with a flange or projection for engaging the lateral edge of the tooth, a curved tooth, and a binder for securing the tooth on the bearing-surface, substantially as described.

24- looth-holding devices comprising parallel separable bearing-surfaces for engaging one side of the tooth, shoulders for engaging the edges of the tooth, and a binder, in combination with a curved spring-tooth, substantially as described.

25. A frame of a harrow having a portion of the bar inclined upward and forward in the direction of the line of draft and a portion substantially horizontal, in combination with mechanism,substantially as set forth, for tilting the bars and holding them rigidly when tilted, substantially as described.

26. In a barrow-frame having bars elongated in cross-section inclining upward and forward in the direction of the line of draft, the front hinged, and the cross-bars composed of adjustably connected sections, whereby the tooth-bars may be tilted and held rigidly, substantially as described.

In witness whereof I have affixed my sig nature in presence of two witnesses.

DE \VANE 1 SMITH.

\Yitnesses:

EDWIN II. RIsLEY, Ln'r'rA I STUART. 

